RDP 2022-05: The Real Effects of Debt Covenants: Evidence from Australia Appendix B: Other Descriptive Statistics

Table B1: Summary Statistics – Full Sample
Non-financial listed firms
  Mean Median Standard deviation
Revenue ($ million) 378 15 2,189
Debt ($ million) 321 4 2,018
Cash ($ million) 87 6 648
Assets ($ million) 1,135 59 6,802
Investment ($ million) 463 5 4,270
Staff expenses ($ million) 55 3 267
Return on equity ratio 0.1 0.1 13.0
Debt-to-equity ratio 1 0 15
Debt-to-EBITDA ratio 0 0 132
Interest coverage ratio –5,282 4 329,514

Sources: Author's calculations; Connect4; Morningstar

Figure B1: Reported Debt Covenants by Sector
Non-financial listed firms, 2002–20
Figure B1: Reported Debt Covenants by Sector

Sources: Author's calculations; Connect4

Table B2: Summary Statistics of ICC Firms
Non-financial listed firms
  2002–10   2011–20
25th percentile Median 75th percentile 25th percentile Median 75th percentile
Revenue ($ million) 35.6 110.9 330.8   19.8 82.4 289.6
Debt ($ million) 8.3 47.8 301.4   11.1 79.3 420.0
Cash ($ million) 1.9 9.1 30.3   4.5 15.9 50.3
Assets ($ million) 55.4 198.2 980.1   87.3 446.5 1,342.0
Investment ($ million) 6.6 29.8 210.7   3.5 38.1 288.1
Staff expenses ($ million) 5.3 17.5 60.8   3.1 20.2 81.7
Return on equity ratio 0.1 0.2 0.4   0.1 0.2 0.3
Debt-to-equity ratio 0.3 0.5 0.9   0.2 0.4 0.8
Debt-to-EBITDA ratio 0.9 3.6 8.0   0.8 3.4 8.1
Interest coverage ratio 2.8 5.8 12.6   2.1 5.5 13.2

Sources: Author's calculations; Connect4; Morningstar