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RBA Glossary definition for PPS

PPS – Protected Payments System

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Firm-level Capacity Utilisation and the Implications for Investment, Labour and Prices

17 Dec 2015 Bulletin – December 2015
Kevin Lane and Tom Rosewall
Business surveys provide a timely read of the average rate of capacity utilisation at Australian firms. However, discussions with company managers in the Reserve Bank's business liaison program reveal considerable variation in how ‘capacity
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2015/dec/2.html

The Labour Market during and after the Terms of Trade Boom

17 Mar 2016 Bulletin – March 2016
Kathryn Davis, Martin McCarthy and Jonathan Bridges
During the terms of trade boom, strong growth in output prices meant that the real cost of labour declined from the average firm's perspective and demand for labour increased. At the same time, the appreciation of the exchange rate helped contain
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2016/mar/1.html

Cycles in Non-mining Business Investment

18 Dec 2014 Bulletin – December 2014
Stephen Elias and Craig Evans
Growth in private non-mining business investment has been quite subdued over the past few years relative to the cyclical upswings seen in the 1980s and 1990s. Part of this weakness can be explained by cyclical factors that affect investment – such
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2014/dec/1.html

Japanese Retail Investors and the Carry Trade

10 Mar 2009 Bulletin – March 2009
Andrew Zurawski and Patrick D'Arcy
Chinn MD and G Meredith (2004), ‘Monetary Policy and Long-Horizon Uncovered Interest Parity’, IMF Staff Papers, 51(3), pp 409–430. ... Galati G, A Heath and P McGuire (2007), ‘Evidence of Carry Trade Activity’, BIS Quarterly Review, September,
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2009/mar/1.html

The Recent Rise in Commodity Prices: A Long-run Perspective

10 Apr 2007 Bulletin – April 2007
John O'Connor and David Orsmond
Domanski D and A Heath (2007), ‘Financial Investors and Commodity Markets’, BIS Quarterly Review, March, pp 53–67. ... Reprinted in 1962 in Economic Bulletin for Latin America, 7(1), pp 1–22.
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2007/apr/1.html

Chinese Urban Residential Construction

10 Sep 2012 Bulletin – September 2012
Leon Berkelmans and Hao Wang
317. Huang Y (2011), ‘Second Home Ownership in Transitional Urban China’, Housing Studies, 26(3), pp 423–447. ... Rush A (2011), ‘China's Labour Market’, RBA. Bulletin. , September, pp 29–38.
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2012/sep/3.html

The Kangaroo Bond Market

15 Sep 2016 Bulletin – September 2016
Michelle Bergmann and Anna Nitschke
Australian dollar-denominated bonds issued by non-resident entities in Australia are referred to as Kangaroo bonds and represent a significant share of the Australian bond market. Issuance has generally been dominated by highly rated issuers such as
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2016/sep/6.html

Indicators of Business Investment

10 Dec 2009 Bulletin – December 2009
Ellis Connolly and James Glenn
Hayashi F (1982), ‘Tobin's Marginal Q and Average Q: A Neoclassical Interpretation’, Econometrica, 50(1), pp 213–224. ... Jorgenson DW (1963), ‘Capital Theory and Investment Behavior’, American Economic Review, 53(2), pp 247–259.
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2009/dec/3.html

Returns on Equity, Cost of Equity and the Implications for Banks

16 Mar 2017 Bulletin – March 2017
David Norman
Returns on equity for the major Australian banks have declined of late, following equity raisings in 2015. At the same time, estimates of the cost of raising new equity appear to have fallen very little, despite large declines in risk-free rates.
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2017/mar/6.html

Recent Changes in IMF Lending

10 Dec 2011 Bulletin – December 2011
Kim Edwards and Wing Hsieh
Bulletin. , September, pp 71–75. Doherty E (2009), ‘IMF Initiatives to Bolster Funding and Liquidity’, RBA. ... Bulletin. , November, pp 7–10. IEO (Independent Evaluation Office of the IMF) (2007), ‘Structural Conditionality in IMF-Supported
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2011/dec/8.html