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RBA Glossary definition for billion

billion – One thousand million.

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Reserve Bank Operations in the Foreign Exchange Market: Effectiveness and Profitability

1 Nov 1994 RDP 9406
Robert Andrew and John Broadbent
Research Discussion Papers contain the results of economic research within the Reserve Bank
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/1994/9406.html

Previous Profitability Studies

1 Nov 1994 RDP 9406
Robert Andrew and John Broadbent
According to his estimates, central banks lost more than $US11 billion over the whole period. ... Over the entire study period, from 1973 to early 1988, profits amounted to almost $US5.5 billion when interest income was included and $US3.8 billion when
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/1994/9406/previous-profitability-studies.html

Empirical Results

1 Nov 1994 RDP 9406
Robert Andrew and John Broadbent
By October 1988, when the US dollar short position was finally closed out, realised trading profits stood at $A306 million, with a further $A1.9 billion in net interest earnings. ... Over the period since the float, total earnings on reserves have
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/1994/9406/empirical-results.html

Conclusion

1 Nov 1994 RDP 9406
Robert Andrew and John Broadbent
When net interest income is taken into account, total profits rise to about $A3.4 billion.
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/1994/9406/conclusion.html

The Profitability of Reserve Bank Intervention

1 Nov 1994 RDP 9406
Robert Andrew and John Broadbent
As at end-June 1994, the Bank had a cumulative “short” position totalling $US14.8 billion. ... These amounted to around $US8 billion in total and accrued continuously over the period.
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/1994/9406/profitability-reserve-bank-interventio.html

Alternative Tests Of Stabilising Intervention

1 Nov 1994 RDP 9406
Robert Andrew and John Broadbent
On several days, purchases of Australian dollars from the market approached $A250 million, and for July 1986 as a whole, net purchases amounted to $A1.2 billion.
https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/1994/9406/alternative-tests-stabilising-intervention.html