RDP 2014-07: International Trade Costs, Global Supply Chains and Value-added Trade in Australia Equation

Δ N ¯ t B = i ( N i , t + N i , t 1 ) 2 . Δ f i , t Δ U ¯ t B = i ( U i , t + U i , t 1 ) 2 . Δ ν i , t Δ N ¯ t W = i ( f i , t + f i , t 1 ) 2 . Δ N i , t Δ U ¯ t W = i ( ν i , t + ν i , t 1 ) 2 . Δ U i , t f i , t = F i , t j F j , t ν i , t = V i , t j V j , t . MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabmGaaa qaaiabfs5aejqad6eagaqeamaaDaaaleaacaWG0baabaGaamOqaaaa kiabg2da9maaqafabaWaaSaaaeaadaqadaqaaiaad6eadaWgaaWcba GaamyAaiaacYcacaWG0baabeaakiabgUcaRiaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGa amyAaiaacYcacaWG0bGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqabaaakiaawIcacaGLPa aaaeaacaaIYaaaaaWcbaGaamyAaaqab0GaeyyeIuoakiaac6cacqqH uoarcaWGMbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacaGGSaGaamiDaaqabaaakeaacq qHuoarceWGvbGbaebadaqhaaWcbaGaamiDaaqaaiaadkeaaaGccqGH 9aqpdaaeqbqaamaalaaabaWaaeWaaeaacaWGvbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadM gacaGGSaGaamiDaaqabaGccqGHRaWkcaWGvbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMga caGGSaGaamiDaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaba GaaGOmaaaaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaniabggHiLdGccaGGUaGaeuiLdqKa amODamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbGaaiilaiaadshaaeqaaaGcbaGaeuiLdq KabmOtayaaraWaa0baaSqaaiaadshaaeaacaWGxbaaaOGaeyypa0Za aabuaeaadaWcaaqaamaabmaabaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbGaai ilaiaadshaaeqaaOGaey4kaSIaamOzamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbGaaiil aiaadshacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaaaqaaiaaik daaaGaaiOlaiabfs5aejaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaiaacYcacaWG 0baabeaaaeaacaWGPbaabeqdcqGHris5aaGcbaGaeuiLdqKabmyvay aaraWaa0baaSqaaiaadshaaeaacaWGxbaaaOGaeyypa0Zaaabuaeaa daWcaaqaamaabmaabaGaamODamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbGaaiilaiaads haaeqaaOGaey4kaSIaamODamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbGaaiilaiaadsha cqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaaaqaaiaaikdaaaGaai Olaiabfs5aejaadwfadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaiaacYcacaWG0baabeaa aeaacaWGPbaabeqdcqGHris5aaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacaWGPb GaaiilaiaadshaaeqaaOGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacaWGgbWaaSbaaSqa aiaadMgacaGGSaGaamiDaaqabaaakeaadaaeabqaamaaBaaaleaaca WGQbaabeaakiaadAeadaWgaaWcbaGaamOAaiaacYcacaWG0baabeaa aeqabeqdcqGHris5aaaaaOqaaiaadAhadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaiaacY cacaWG0baabeaakiabg2da9maalaaabaGaamOvamaaBaaaleaacaWG PbGaaiilaiaadshaaeqaaaGcbaWaaabqaeaadaWgaaWcbaGaamOAaa qabaGccaWGwbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQgacaGGSaGaamiDaaqabaaabeqa b0GaeyyeIuoaaaGccaGGUaaaaaaa@BF27@