RDP 9708: Measuring Traded Market Risk: Value-At-Risk and Backtesting Techniques Equation

ν 4 = 1 ( n 2 ) ( n 3 ) [ n ( n + 1 ) ( n 1 ) s 4 Σ ( X i x ¯ ) 4 3 ( n 1 ) 2 ] MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyVd42aaW baaSqabeaacaaI0aaaaOGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaWaaeWa aeaacaWGUbGaeyOeI0IaaGOmaaGaayjkaiaawMcaamaabmaabaGaam OBaiabgkHiTiaaiodaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaWaamWaaeaadaWcaaqa aiaad6gadaqadaqaaiaad6gacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaacaGLOaGaayzkaa aabaWaaeWaaeaacaWGUbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiaa dohadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaisdaaaaaaOGaeu4Odm1aaeWaaeaacaWGyb WaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0IabmiEayaaraaacaGLOaGa ayzkaaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaI0aaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaG4mamaabmaaba GaamOBaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaa ikdaaaaakiaawUfacaGLDbaaaaa@5EA4@