Statement on Monetary Policy – May 2009
List of tables
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Chapters
Table 1: Expected Fiscal Balances in Selected Countries
Table 2: World GDP Growth
Table 3: Policy Rates
Table 4: Emerging Market Policy Rates
Table 5: Government-guaranteed Bank Bonds
Table 6: Changes in Global Share Prices
Table 7: Change in US Dollar against Other Currencies
Table 8: Australian Dollar against Selected TWI Currencies
Table 9: Demand and Output
Table 10: National Housing Prices
Table 11: Relative performance of Australian Exports
Table 12: Intermediaries’ Variables Lending Rates
Table 13: Credit Aggregates
Table 14: Measures of Consumer Price Inflation
Table 15: Median Inflation Expectations
Table 16: Output and Inflation Forecasts
Boxes
Table B1: Australian Resource Export Volumes
| 2007 and 2008 Average |
2009 | 2010 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (a) Estimates for the United States and the United Kingdom are from the Congressional Budget Office and Her Majesty’s Treasury, respectively, and are for the relevant fiscal years for each country; other figures are RBA estimates based on national and international sources. Data for the United States refer to federal government fiscal balance. | |||
| United States | −2¼ | −13 | −9½ |
| United Kingdom | −4¼ | −12½ | −12 |
| Germany | −¼ | −4¾ | −6 |
| Japan | −4 | −10 | −9¾ |
| China | ¼ | −3½ | −3½ |
| Korea | 2¼ | −3¼ | −4½ |
| Indonesia | −½ | −2½ | −2 |
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMF forecasts(d) | ||||
|
(a) Aggregates weighted by GDP at PPP exchange
rates unless otherwise specified (b) Weighted using GDP at market exchange rates (c) Weighted using merchandise export shares (d) Forecasts from the April World Economic Outlook (WEO) Sources: CEIC; Consensus Economics; IMF; RBA; Thomson Reuters |
||||
| United States | 2.0 | 1.1 | −2.8 | 0.0 |
| Euro area | 2.7 | 0.7 | −4.2 | −0.4 |
| Japan | 2.4 | −0.7 | −6.2 | 0.5 |
| China | 13 | 9.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 |
| Other east Asia(b) | 5.8 | 2.8 | −3.4 | 1.4 |
| India | 9.2 | 7.4 | 4.5 | 5.6 |
| World | 5.2 | 3.2 | −1.3 | 1.9 |
| Australia’s trading partners(c) | 5.6 | 2.8 | −2.0 | 2.1 |
| Current level | Most recent change |
Change since start of easing phase |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Per cent | Basis points | ||
| Sources: Bloomberg; central banks | |||
| United States | 0.125 | ↓ Dec 08 | ↓ 513 |
| Euro area | 1.25 | ↓ Apr 09 | ↓ 300 |
| Japan | 0.10 | ↓ Dec 08 | ↓ 40 |
| United Kingdom | 0.50 | ↓ Mar 09 | ↓ 525 |
| Canada | 0.25 | ↓ Apr 09 | ↓ 425 |
| Sweden | 0.50 | ↓ Apr 09 | ↓ 425 |
| Switzerland | 0.25 | ↓ Mar 09 | ↓ 250 |
| New Zealand | 2.50 | ↓ Apr 09 | ↓ 575 |
| Current level | Change since previous Statement |
Change since start of easing phase |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Per cent | Basis points | Basis points | |
| Sources: Bloomberg; central banks | |||
| Brazil | 10.25 | ↓ 250 | ↓ 350 |
| Chile | 1.75 | ↓ 550 | ↓ 650 |
| Czech Republic | 1.75 | ↓ 50 | ↓ 200 |
| Iceland | 15.50 | ↓ 250 | ↓ 250 |
| India | 4.75 | ↓ 75 | ↓ 425 |
| Indonesia | 7.25 | ↓ 100 | ↓ 225 |
| Israel | 0.50 | ↓ 50 | ↓ 375 |
| Malaysia | 2.00 | ↓ 50 | ↓ 150 |
| Mexico | 6.00 | ↓ 175 | ↓ 225 |
| Philippines | 4.50 | ↓ 50 | ↓ 150 |
| Poland | 3.75 | ↓ 50 | ↓ 225 |
| Russia | 12.50 | ↓ 50 | ↓ 50 |
| South Africa | 8.50 | ↓ 300 | ↓ 350 |
| South Korea | 2.00 | ↓ 50 | ↓ 325 |
| Taiwan | 1.25 | ↓ 25 | ↓ 238 |
| Thailand | 1.25 | ↓ 75 | ↓ 250 |
| Turkey | 9.75 | ↓ 325 | ↓ 700 |
| Issuance | |
|---|---|
| US$ billion | |
|
(a) May exclude some private placements Sources: RBA; Thomson Reuters |
|
| United States | 259.4 |
| United Kingdom | 120.7 |
| France | 82.9 |
| Australia | 61.3 |
| Germany | 41.2 |
| Netherlands | 38.4 |
| Spain | 36.6 |
| Austria | 19.0 |
| Ireland | 17.9 |
| Sweden | 17.8 |
| Portugal | 4.3 |
| Norway | 4.0 |
| Switzerland | 3.0 |
| Greece | 1.3 |
| New Zealand | 1.2 |
| South Korea | 1.0 |
| Total | 710.0 |
| Peak to trough |
Since recent trough |
Since previous Statement |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Source: Bloomberg | |||
| United States | |||
| – Dow Jones | −54 | 30 | 7 |
| – S&P 500 | −57 | 36 | 10 |
| – NASDAQ | −56 | 39 | 16 |
| Euro area | |||
| – STOXX | −62 | 34 | 8 |
| United Kingdom | |||
| – FTSE | −48 | 25 | 4 |
| Japan | |||
| – Nikkei | −61 | 27 | 12 |
| Canada | |||
| – TSE 300 | −50 | 34 | 17 |
| Australia | |||
| – ASX 200 | −54 | 23 | 12 |
| MSCI | |||
| – Emerging Asia | −61 | 53 | 30 |
| – Latin America | −57 | 59 | 22 |
| – Emerging Europe | −71 | 49 | 40 |
| – World | −56 | 32 | 11 |
| Past year | Since previous Statement |
|
|---|---|---|
| Sources: Bloomberg; US Federal Reserve | ||
| New Zealand | 36 | −13 |
| Sweden | 32 | −5 |
| United Kingdom | 30 | −4 |
| Brazil | 28 | −8 |
| Mexico | 25 | –9 |
| South Korea | 25 | −8 |
| Australia | 27 | −14 |
| India | 21 | 2 |
| Euro area | 16 | −4 |
| Canada | 16 | −5 |
| Indonesia | 13 | −11 |
| Philippines | 13 | 1 |
| Malaysia | 12 | −3 |
| Thailand | 11 | 1 |
| South Africa | 11 | −17 |
| Taiwan | 9 | −1 |
| Singapore | 8 | −2 |
| Switzerland | 8 | −2 |
| China | −2 | 0 |
| Japan | −6 | 10 |
| Majors TWI | 14 | −2 |
| Broad TWI | 14 | −1 |
| Past year | Since previous Statement |
Deviation from post-float average |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sources: RBA; Thomson Reuters; WM/Reuters | |||
| New Zealand | 6 | 0 | 4 |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 11 | 12 |
| South Korea | −2 | 6 | 41 |
| India | −5 | 16 | 42 |
| Euro area | −8 | 10 | −15 |
| Canada | −8 | 8 | −7 |
| Indonesia | −11 | 2 | 117 |
| Malaysia | −11 | 13 | 20 |
| Thailand | −12 | 15 | 12 |
| South Africa | −12 | −3 | 43 |
| Singapore | −14 | 12 | −12 |
| Switzerland | −15 | 11 | −21 |
| United States | −21 | 15 | 4 |
| China | −23 | 15 | 10 |
| Japan | −26 | 24 | −22 |
| TWI | −15 | 13 | 4 |
| September quarter 2008 |
December quarter 2008 |
Year to December quarter 2008 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
(a) Adjusted for the statistical discrepancy (b) Contribution to GDP growth Sources: ABS; RBA |
|||
| Domestic final demand | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2.6 |
| GNE(a) | 0.5 | –2.0 | 0.1 |
| Net exports(b) | −0.4 | 1.5 | 0.2 |
| GDP | 0.1 | −0.5 | 0.3 |
| Non-farm GDP | −0.2 | −0.8 | 0.0 |
| GDP adjusted for changes | |||
| in the terms of trade | 1.5 | –1.2 | 3.9 |
| December quarter 2008 |
March quarter 2009 |
Year to March quarter 2009 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sources: ABS; APM; RBA; RP Data-Rismark | |||
| House prices | |||
| ABS | −1.2 | −2.2 | −6.7 |
| RP Data-Rismark | −1.0 | −0.1 | −3.8 |
| APM | −0.5 | 0.1 | −3.5 |
| Apartment prices | |||
| RP Data-Rismark | −0.1 | 0.9 | −0.9 |
| APM | −0.2 | 0.4 | −1.7 |
| Growth in export volumes |
Share of merchandise exports (2007/08) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| June to December quarter |
Rural and resources |
Manufactures | |
|
(a) Merchandise exports only Sources: CEIC; Eurostat; RBA; Thomson Reuters |
|||
| Japan | −13 | 4 | 96 |
| South Korea | −9 | 10 | 90 |
| Euro area | −7 | 21 | 79 |
| New Zealand | −6 | 67 | 33 |
| United States | −6 | 22 | 78 |
| Canada | −6 | 61 | 39 |
| United Kingdom | −4 | 21 | 79 |
| China(a) | −3 | 5 | 95 |
| Australia | −1 | 81 | 19 |
| Current level | Change since: | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 May 2009 | End Jan 2009 | End Aug 2008 | End Jul 2007 | |
|
(a) RBA estimate Sources: ABS; APRA; Canstar Cannex; Perpetual; RBA |
||||
| Cash rate | 3.00 | −1.25 | −4.25 | −3.25 |
| Housing loans | ||||
| Prime full-doc | ||||
| Banks | 5.14 | −1.07 | −3.83 | −2.32 |
| Credit unions and building societies | 5.27 | −1.10 | −3.73 | −2.27 |
| Mortgage originators | 5.58 | −0.93 | −3.64 | −1.90 |
| Prime low-doc | ||||
| Banks | 5.90 | −1.00 | −3.55 | −1.86 |
| Mortgage originators | 6.49 | −0.73 | −3.34 | −1.31 |
| Non-conforming | 9.40 | −1.00 | −2.51 | 0.24 |
| Personal loans | ||||
| Margin loans | 8.01 | −0.92 | −2.57 | −0.96 |
| Standard credit cards | 17.9 | −0.71 | −2.03 | 0.12 |
| Low-rate credit cards | 12.02 | −0.23 | −0.91 | 0.85 |
| Unsecured term loans | 13.52 | −0.57 | −1.38 | 0.91 |
| Home equity loans | 5.89 | −1.04 | −3.69 | −2.33 |
| Small business | ||||
| Term loans | ||||
| Residentially secured | 7.08 | −1.20 | −3.01 | −1.22 |
| Other security | 7.90 | −1.11 | −2.80 | −1.00 |
| Overdraft | ||||
| Residentially secured | 7.90 | −1.20 | −3.01 | −1.15 |
| Other security | 8.81 | −1.11 | −2.77 | −0.90 |
| Average actual rate(a) | 7.21 | −1.26 | −2.95 | −1.43 |
| Large business | ||||
| Average actual rate, variable and bill funding(a) | 4.88 | −0.98 | −3.75 | −2.44 |
| June quarter 2008 |
September quarter 2008 |
December quarter 2008 |
March quarter 2009 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source: RBA | ||||
| Total credit | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Household | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| – Owner-occupier housing | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| – Investor housing | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| – Personal | −0.1 | −0.6 | −1.0 | −0.4 |
| Business | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.0 | −0.1 |
| Quarterly | Year-ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| December quarter 2008 |
March quarter 2009 |
December quarter 2008 |
March quarter 2009 |
|
|
(a) Volatile items are fruit, vegetables and
automotive fuel Sources: ABS; RBA |
||||
| CPI | −0.3 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 2.5 |
| – Tradables | −1.8 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
| – Tradables (ex food & fuel) | −0.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.0 |
| – Non-tradables | 0.6 | −0.1 | 5.4 | 3.4 |
| Underlying measures | ||||
| Weighted median | 0.9 | 1.2 | 4.5 | 4.4 |
| Trimmed mean | 0.6 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 3.9 |
| CPI ex volatile items(a) and deposit & loan facilities | 0.6 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| Year to December 2009 | Year to December 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 2008 |
February 2009 |
May 2009 |
February 2009 |
May 2009 |
|
|
(a) RBA survey (b) Workplace Research Centre |
|||||
| Market economists(a) | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| Union officials(b) | 4.1 | 3 | 2.1 | 3 | 2.7 |
| Dec 2008 |
June 2009 |
Dec 2009 |
June 2010 |
Dec 2010 |
June 2011 |
Dec 2011 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(a) Actual data to December 2008. Underlying
inflation refers to the average of trimmed mean
and weighted median inflation. For the forecast
period, technical assumptions include A$ at
US$0.75, TWI at 61, cash rate at 3.00 per cent,
and WTI crude oil price at US$65 per barrel and
Tapis crude oil price at US$67 per barrel. Sources: ABS; RBA |
|||||||
| GDP | 0.3 | −1¼ | −1 | ½ | 2 | 3¼ | 3¾ |
| Non-farm GDP | 0.0 | −1½ | −1 | ½ | 2 | 3¼ | 3¾ |
| CPI | 3.7 | 1½ | 2¼ | 2½ | 2 | 1½ | 1½ |
| Underlying inflation | 4.3 | 3¾ | 3¼ | 2½ | 2 | 1½ | 1½ |
| Share of resource export values (2008) |
Six months to March on previous six months |
|
|---|---|---|
| Sources: ABS; RBA | ||
| Iron ore | 20 | −12 |
| Coking coal | 21 | −23 |
| Thermal coal | 10 | 12 |
| LNG | 6 | 22 |
| Oil | 7 | 15 |
| Gold | 10 | 6 |


